There
are two types of plural markers for all nominals, -t plural and -i- plural.
-t
plural is added to the stem a word, which makes nominative plural.
-i-
plural is added between the stem and case suffix of a word, which makes plural
form for all the other cases.
savvupiippu (chimney)
savvupiiput (chimneys) savvupiipuissa (inside chimneys)
-i-
plural is used in the all cases other than nominative. For
example:
• Näissä kirjoissa muistelhaan kainulaisten histooriasta. (These books are about Kven
history.)
• Kerroin
minun ystäville tästä. (I told my friend about this.)
Words ending in a vowel/vowels
|
Stems ending in |
Changes |
Examples |
|
-o, -ö, -u, -y |
unchanged |
mattoile (to roofs) pöllöistä (in owls) puvuissa (in dresses) tyynyiksi (into pillows) |
|
-e |
drop -e and add -i- |
jovissa (in rivers) mäjilä (on hills) |
|
-VV (-uu, -aa, -yy, -ee, -ai. -oi.
-äi, -öi, -ui) |
the last vowel is dropped before
adding -i- |
puita (parks) syiđen (of reasons) vapaissa (in free) oikkeeissa (in correct) |
|
-ie, -uo. -yö |
the first vowel of the diphthongs
is dropped before adding -i- |
teillä (on them) noissa (in those) öinä (at nights) |
|
-ä of two-syllable words |
drop -ä and add -i- |
hyvistä (about good) metthiin (into the woods) |
|
-a of two-syllable words, with -o- or -u- in the first
syllable |
drop -a and add -i- |
koirissa (in dogs) munissa (in eggs) |
|
-a |
changes to -oi- |
kirjoissa (in books) |
|
Words ending in |
Changes |
Examples |
|
-si (of uusi-type) |
unchanged |
uusissa (in new) |
|
-us, -ys |
change the stem -kse to -ksi |
hyvvyyksillä (on goodness) |
|
-aja, -äjä |
change the ending -aja, -äjä to -aji-, -äji- |
käänttääjistä (about translators) |
|
-na, -nä |
change the ending -na, -nä to -noi-,
-nöi- |
ikkunoissa (in windows) |
|
-ma, -mä |
change the ending -ma, -mä to -mi- |
satamilla (on harbours) |
|
-ra, -rä |
change the ending -ra, -rä to -roi-,
-röi- |
tavaroina (as products) |
|
-va, -vä |
change the ending -va, -vä to -vi- |
ystäville (to friends) |
|
-kka, -kkä |
change the ending -kka, -kkä to -ki- change the ending -kka, -kkä to -koi-,
-köi- |
haukoissa, haukissa (in hawks) |
|
-ton, -tön |
change the ending -ton, -tön to -ttomi-,
-ttömi- |
uskomattomille (to unbelievable) |
These words do not follow the rules we learned previously, be sure to pay closer attention to their changes.
|
Words |
-i- plural stem |
Examples |
|
ihana |
ihani- |
ihaniksi (into lovely) |
|
kamala |
kamali- |
kamalissa (in weird) |
|
ahkera |
ahkeri- |
ahkeriitten (of diligent) |
|
hämärä |
hämäri- |
hämärhiin (into twilights) |